Dalam artikel ini, Belajarpedia akan membahas Passive Voice secara lengkap, mulai dari pengertian, rumus berdasarkan tenses, contoh kontekstual kehidupan sekolah, kesalahan umum siswa, hingga latihan soal beserta pembahasannya.
Pengertian Passive Voice
Passive Voice adalah bentuk kalimat di mana subjek menerima tindakan (aksi), bukan melakukan tindakan tersebut.
Fokus utama dalam Passive Voice adalah objek atau hasil tindakan, bukan pelaku.
Perhatikan contoh berikut:
Active: Guru menjelaskan materi.
Passive: Materi dijelaskan oleh guru.
Dalam Bahasa Inggris:
Active: The teacher explains the lesson.
Passive: The lesson is explained by the teacher.
Pada kalimat pasif, perhatian pembaca diarahkan ke the lesson, bukan ke guru.
Kapan Passive Voice Digunakan?
Passive Voice biasanya digunakan ketika:
- Pelaku tidak diketahui
Example: My phone was stolen. - Pelaku tidak penting
Example: English is spoken worldwide. - Ingin fokus pada hasil tindakan
Example: The exam was completed on time.
Dalam soal ujian, Passive Voice sering muncul dalam bentuk transformasi kalimat.
Rumus Dasar Passive Voice
Rumus umum:
Subject + to be + Verb 3 (Past Participle)
Jika ingin menyebutkan pelaku:
Subject + to be + Verb 3 + by + Object
Kunci utama:
✔ Gunakan Verb 3
✔ Sesuaikan “to be” dengan tense
Passive Voice Berdasarkan Tenses
1. Simple Present
Rumus:
Subject + am/is/are + Verb 3
Contoh kontekstual sekolah:
Active: Students clean the classroom.
Passive: The classroom is cleaned by students.
Active: The teacher checks the homework.
Passive: The homework is checked by the teacher.
2. Simple Past
Rumus:
Subject + was/were + Verb 3
Active: The principal announced the winner.
Passive: The winner was announced by the principal.
Active: The students finished the test.
Passive: The test was finished by the students.
3. Simple Future
Rumus:
Subject + will be + Verb 3
Active: The school will hold a competition.
Passive: A competition will be held by the school.
4. Present Continuous
Rumus:
Subject + am/is/are + being + Verb 3
Active: The students are doing the assignment.
Passive: The assignment is being done by the students.
Langkah Mudah Mengubah Active ke Passive
Agar tidak salah saat ujian, ikuti langkah ini:
- Cari objek dalam kalimat aktif
- Jadikan objek sebagai subjek baru
- Tentukan tense
- Gunakan to be sesuai tense
- Ubah verb menjadi Verb 3
Contoh:
Active: She writes an essay.
Objek: an essay
Passive: An essay is written by her.
Kesalahan Umum Siswa Saat Menggunakan Passive Voice
Berikut kesalahan yang sering terjadi:
1. Lupa Menggunakan Verb 3
❌ The task is do by students.
✔ The task is done by students.
2. Salah Memilih “To Be”
❌ The homework is finished yesterday.
✔ The homework was finished yesterday.
3. Tetap Mempertahankan Pola Aktif
❌ The teacher explain by students.
✔ The lesson is explained by the teacher.
Menghindari tiga kesalahan ini akan meningkatkan nilai kamu secara signifikan.
Latihan Soal Passive Voice
Ubah kalimat berikut menjadi bentuk Passive Voice!
- The teacher gives homework every day.
- The students completed the project.
- The school will organize a seminar.
- The librarian is arranging the books.
- They built the new classroom last year.
Jawaban dan Pembahasan
- Homework is given by the teacher every day.
(Simple Present → is + Verb 3) - The project was completed by the students.
(Simple Past → was + Verb 3) - A seminar will be organized by the school.
(Future → will be + Verb 3) - The books are being arranged by the librarian.
(Present Continuous → are being + Verb 3) - The new classroom was built last year.
(Simple Past → was + Verb 3)
Ringkasan Materi
Passive Voice menekankan objek sebagai penerima tindakan. Rumus utamanya adalah:
Subject + to be + Verb 3
Materi ini sangat penting dalam ujian karena sering muncul dalam bentuk:
- Pilihan ganda
- Melengkapi kalimat
- Mengubah active menjadi passive
Semakin sering berlatih, semakin mudah menguasainya.
FAQ Seputar Passive Voice
Apa perbedaan Active dan Passive Voice?
Active menekankan pelaku, Passive menekankan objek.
Apakah semua kalimat bisa dibuat Passive?
Tidak. Hanya kalimat yang memiliki objek yang bisa diubah menjadi Passive.
Apakah “by + pelaku” wajib?
Tidak. Jika pelaku tidak penting, bagian itu bisa dihilangkan.
Penutup
Passive Voice adalah materi dasar yang wajib dikuasai siswa SMP dan SMA. Dengan memahami rumus, mengenali kesalahan umum, dan rutin berlatih soal, kamu akan lebih percaya diri menghadapi ujian Bahasa Inggris.
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